电子束焊机原理

电子束焊机由电子枪、高压电源、真空机组、真空焊接室、电气控制系统、工装夹具与工作台行走系统等部分组成。

电子束焊机的关键部件是电子枪，电子枪中阴极经电流加热后，在阴阳极间几十至上百千伏的加速电压作用下发射出电子流，该电子流在偏压栅极的控制和聚束作用下形成一束电子从阳极孔中穿过，经过电子枪隔离阀后在聚焦磁透镜的作用下以极高的能量密度和光速70%的速度注入焊接工件、强大的电子动能迅速转化为热能将焊接工件局部熔化而达到焊接的目的。

因为电子枪工作在高压状况下，同时为了减少电子在射入工件前与其他气体分子碰撞而引起能量损失和电子束发散，电子枪与焊接室都必须在一定的真空状态下工作。

Electron beam welding machine c**ists of electron gun, high-voltage power, vacuum unit, vacuum welding chamber, electrical control system, fixture and working station running system and etc.

The key component of electron beam welding machine is electronic gun. After the cathode inside electronic gun is heated, it sends out electron flow under action of accelerated voltage in the range several decades to more than 100 or 1 OOOv between cathode and anode. The electron flow forms a beam of electr** under control and bunching action of bias voltage grid and goes through anode hole. After passing the separation valve of electronic gun and under action of focusing magnetic lens it will inject into the welded workpiece with very high energy density and at 70% of light velocity, and the strong electronic kinetic energy is quickly converted into thermal energy to partially melt the welded workpiece for the purpose of welding.

Because the electronic gun works at high voltage, in order to reduce energy loss and electron beam emission arising from collision with other gas molecules before injection into the workpiece, electronic gun and welding chamber shall work at certain vacuum status.

1、阴极 2、聚束极 3、阳极 4、光学观察系统 5、聚焦磁透镜 6、偏转磁透镜 7、焊接工件 8、枪室真空系统 9、焊室真空系统 10、隔离阀

1、Cathode 2. Bunching pole 3、Anode 4. Optical observation system 5、Focusing magnetic lens 6. Biased magnetic lens 7、Welded workpiece 8、Vacuum system for gun chamber 9. Vacuum system for welding chamber 10.Separation valve